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報(bào)告人：郭北辰
報(bào)告題目：Tracing macroevolutionary transformations of avian quadrate morphology
鳥(niǎo)類方骨的宏觀演化歷程
合作導(dǎo)師： 胡晗
評(píng)審委員會(huì)主任： 周忠和
委員（按姓氏拼音順序）： 李小強(qiáng)、李志恒、王博、王敏、汪筱林?
時(shí)間：2025年12月1日 下午15:30
地點(diǎn)：首建9樓會(huì)議室
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內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介：
In birds, the quadrate acts as a hinge between the lower jaw and the skull, playing a key role in cranial kinesis. Thus, the evolution of avian quadrate form may be closely associated with feeding mechanics; however, the extreme variability of quadrate morphology among extant birds has dissuaded previous work. Here, we investigated morphological evolution of the quadrate spanning all major lineages of extant birds and key crown- and stem-bird fossils. With the first comprehensively homology-led anatomical atlas of avian quadrate morphology, we applied geometric morphometrics to quantitatively explore morphological evolution of the quadrate to investigate the ecomorphological relationships between the quadrate and an array of ecological categories and to trace the evolution of quadrate form throughout avian evolutionary history. We found feeding ecology do not predict quadrate morphology, whereas non-ecological factors, such as allometry and phylogeny, are strongly associated with quadrate form. This work illustrates that the quadrate of crown birds has evolved as an integrated unit, exhibiting strong associations with the morphologies of neighbouring bones with which it articulates; collectively, these results suggest a complex macroevolutionary scenario in which quadrate morphology evolved jointly with other elements of the avian kinetic system. Our results also illustrate the importance of incorporating fossil taxa into three-dimensional reconstructions of ancestral shape, as fossil-informed ancestral geometric reconstructions differ substantially from three-dimensional reconstructions of quadrate shape lacking fossils. These ancestral reconstructions help elucidate important aspects of the morphology and function of the avian feeding apparatus early in crown bird evolution.
在鳥(niǎo)類中，方骨（quadrate）連結(jié)下頜與顱骨，在鳥(niǎo)類頭顱能動(dòng)性中有著至關(guān)重要的作用。因此，方骨形態(tài)的演化可能與取食方式密切相關(guān)。然而，現(xiàn)生鳥(niǎo)類方骨形態(tài)的多樣性長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)讓相關(guān)研究變得相當(dāng)困難。在本研究中，我們整合了現(xiàn)生鳥(niǎo)類所有主要類群以及若干關(guān)鍵的冠群與干群鳥(niǎo)類化石，系統(tǒng)性探討方骨的形態(tài)演化。我們建立了首個(gè)以同源性為基礎(chǔ)的鳥(niǎo)類方骨系統(tǒng)性解剖圖譜，并運(yùn)用幾何形態(tài)測(cè)量學(xué)方法，對(duì)方骨的形態(tài)變化進(jìn)行定量分析，從而探索方骨與不同生態(tài)類型之間的生態(tài)—形態(tài)關(guān)系，并追蹤方骨形態(tài)在鳥(niǎo)類演化歷史中的變化軌跡。結(jié)果顯示，取食生態(tài)并不能有效預(yù)測(cè)方骨的形態(tài)特征；相反，非生態(tài)因素，如體型與系統(tǒng)發(fā)育歷史，與方骨形態(tài)有著更強(qiáng)的關(guān)聯(lián)。我們的分析還顯示，冠群鳥(niǎo)類的方骨作為一個(gè)高度整合的單元進(jìn)化，與其相連的鄰近骨骼在形態(tài)上存在緊密的協(xié)同變化。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)揭示了方骨形態(tài)在鳥(niǎo)類頭顱能動(dòng)系統(tǒng)中與其他結(jié)構(gòu)協(xié)同演化的復(fù)雜宏觀進(jìn)化圖景。此外，我們的研究強(qiáng)調(diào)了在祖先三維形態(tài)重建中納入化石數(shù)據(jù)的重要性。相比僅使用現(xiàn)生數(shù)據(jù)的重建，加入化石資料后的祖先方骨形態(tài)模型表現(xiàn)出顯著的差異。這些基于化石的重建結(jié)果為理解冠群鳥(niǎo)類早期取食系統(tǒng)的形態(tài)與功能演化提供了新的視角。
歡迎全所老師、同學(xué)參加。